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Six Bowels
1) Gallbladder
Its main functions are as follows :
A) Storing and Excreting Bile
  • Bile is made and secreted by the liver.
  • Then it goes into the gallbladder and is stored and concentrated there.
  • Finally it is pumped into the small intestine by the liver's function of smoothing and regulating the flow of the qi in promoting the digestion and absorption food.
  • If the functions of the liver and gallbladder are abnormal, and the secretion and excretion of bile is obstructed, the digestion and absorption of food will be disturbed, which results in loss of appetite, distension of the epigastrium and diarrhea.
  • The accumulation of pathogenic damp heat in the liver and gallbladder impairs the liver's function and causes bile to overflow to muscle and skin, which will lead to jaundice which is manifested as icteric sclera, yellowish skin, and yellow urine and so on.
B) Connection with making decision and once courage.
  • This gives its idea that the gallbladder is concerned with one's courage in making decisions, i.e., bravery and timidity are related to the gallbladder.
  • From then on, diagnose and treat pathological changes in mind, such as being easily frighten tied and scared, insomnia, dream disturbed sleep and so on, by an overall analysis of signs and symptoms concerned with the gallbladder.
  • Although the gallbladder is among the six bowels, it simply stores bile, and does not receive any water, food or waste.
  • This makes it different from the other five bowels.
  • Hence it also comes under "extraordinary organs".
2) Stomach
  • The stomach's main physiological function is to receive, digest and transform water and food.
  • This is why the stomach is called "the reservoir of water and food".
  • The water and food held in the stomach is reduced to chyme by the fermenting and grinding action of the stomach.
  • Then the chyme is forced downward into the small intestine.
  • A disturbance of this function of the stomach will cause poor appetite, a capacity for only small amount of food, indigestion and distension and pain in the epigastric region.
  • Of course, only in cooperation with the spleen's function of transportation and transformation can the stomach's function of receiving, digesting and transforming water and food be performed successfully.
  • It is normal for the qi of the stomach to descend.
  • After being digested and transformed by the stomach, the food content follows the qi of the stomach down into the small intestine so as to undergo further digestion and absorption.
  • If the qi of the stomach ascends instead of descending, belching, hicups, nausea or vomiting will occur.
3) Small Intestine
The following are the main functions of the small intestine :
A) Receiving transforming absorbing the food content.
  • Receiving, transforming and absorbing the food content the small intestine receives the food content which has been elementarily digested by the stomach, and then digests and absorbs it.
  • Its dysfunction in doing this will lead to disorders in digestion and absorption manifested as abdominal distension, diarrhea, loose stools and others.
B) Separating Clarity from Turbidity.
  • Separating clarity from turbidity means that having digested the food content fully, the small intestine sends the useful part (clarity) to the spleen, which in turn, transports and distributes it to all parts of the body.
  • It also sends waste (turbidity) down into the large intestine and sends unwanted water into the urinary bladder to be excreted from the body.
  • When this function of the small intestine is normal, water and waste are excreted from the body separately, with smooth urination and normal elimination of feces.
  • When the small intestine fails to separate the clarity from the turbidity, they will be mixed together, and water will be contained in the wastes, thus leading to dysuria and loose stools.
4) Large Intestine.
  • Its main physiological function is to pass and eliminate waste, i.e., to receive the contents of the small intestine and absorb excessive water from, it so that it forms feces which is discharged from the body through the anus.
  • Its dysfunction may result in abnormal changes in substance and amount of feces and also times of defecation.
  • For instance, a cold deficiency of the large intestine causes it to be unable to absorb water so that water and wastes are removed together.
  • This is manifested as diarrhea, borborygmus and abdominal pain.
  • The sthenic heat of the large intestine consumes water, dries up the intestinal juice, resulting in constipation.
  • The accumulation of damp heat in the large intestine blocks the passage of qi, which leads to abdominal pain, tenesmus and stools with pus and blood.
5) Urinary Bladder.
  • The urinary bladder's main function is to store and excrete urine.
  • In the course of water metabolism of the human body, the water is dissipated to all parts of the body by the action of the lung, the spleen and the kidney thereby fulfilling its function of moistening the body.
  • After being utilized by the body it accumulates in the kidney.
  • There, it is decomposed into two parts, the clarity and the turbidity by means of the kidney's function of separating the clear fluid from the turbid.
  • Clear fluid is delivered back to the whole body.
  • Turbid fluid is changed into urine and transported down into the urinary bladder.
  • There, when urine amounts to a certain quantity, the urinary bladder excretes it from the body voluntarily and on time.
  • A dysfunction of the urinary bladder in storing and excreting urine may result in dysuria or retention of urine.
  • That the urinary bladder fails to store urine may lead to frequent micturation and incontinence of urine.
  • The dampness and heat accumulated in the urinary bladder often causes frequent micturation, urgent urination and pain in micturation.
  • This is why a patient who has enuresis and incontinence of urine is often treated by means of replenishing the kidney.
6) Triple warmer (sanjiao).
  • The term, triple warmer is a peculiar, collective name of the upper, middle and lower warmer and is one of the six bowels.
  • It is generally recognized that “triple warmer" is a large bowel containing all the internal organs.
The portion above the diaphragm is known as the upper warmer Housing the heart and the lung Controls respiration, and activates the flow of vital energy, blood and body fluid (referring to in fact, the functions of the heart and lung, i.e., it disperses pectoral qi accumulated in the chest to all parts of the body just as fog and dew moisten the earth. This is why "The upper warmer is like a sprinkler for distributing nutrients and qi."
The portion between the diaphragm and umbilicus is known as the middle warmer Houses the spleen and the stomach The middle warmer functions in transportation and transformation (referring to in fact, the functions of the spleen and stomach), i.e. it ferments water and food and transports and transforms food essence in order to produce vital energy and blood. Therefore, it is likened to fermentation, where food is digested.
The portion below the umbilicus is known as the lower warmer Houses the liver, the kidney, the urinary bladder, the intestines and the uterus

The lower warmer separates clear fluid from turbid fluid and discharges urine and stool, (referring to, in fact, the functions of the kidney, the small intestine, the large intestine and the urinary bladder).

These two physiological functions mentioned above are characterized by excreting wastes downwards and outwards.

It is said that the lower warmer works like gutters, to filter and drain off waste and superfluous water.

  • According to the liver's location, it can be clearly seen that the liver is an organ within the middle warmer.
  • But it is said that the liver is an organ within the lower warmer.
  • Why? Because the liver and the kidney have the same source and a close relationship, and this puts the liver into the lower warmer.
  • Generally speaking, the physiological functions of triple warmer control the activities of the qi of the human body.
  • In fact, all these physiological functions of the triple warmer are the sum total of the activities of all the viscera and bowels in the body.
  • Pathologically, diseases due to an abnormality of upper, or middle, or lower warmer are manifestations of dysfunctions of the viscera or bowels within it.
  • Also that the triple warmer is the passage through which water, food and fluid are transported.
  • It is the foundation and controller of the entire circulation of body fluid all these functions result from the comprehensive action of the lung, the spleen, the kidney and so on.
  • This is why difficult urination and edema due to an abnormality in the triple warmer and the blocking of water passages are treated by recuperating the lung, the spleen and the kidney.
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Contact : Dr Nilima Thakkar : 982 0676 600
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